Before moving on to how the lunar system was formed, it is necessary to look at how this irregular 7-day pattern spreads. As we said, everything is related to politics, not science. The Jews, who were held captive by the Babylonian state for many years, accepted that the week was 7 days in this period.
This system was soon adopted by the nearby cultures of the Persians and Greeks. Centuries later, due to the expansionist policies of Alexander the Great, the 7-day week system reached India and from there to China. This system has survived to the present day when Emperor Constantine accepted the 7-day week system as the Roman Week in 321 AD and declared Sunday as a holiday.
The Gregorian calendar, or the Gregorian calendar used today, was adopted on October 4, 1582. Accordingly, Hz. The birth of Jesus was accepted as the 1st year of AD, and 1 year was determined as 365 days and 6 hours. This is the most accurate calendar system, as there is a margin of error of only 10.8 seconds per year.
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The ancient Romans discovered that there are 365 days and 6 hours in a year, thanks to the lunar cycle. However, they first determined a 10-month year system for themselves. So it was in the air for 60 days. The names of these months, called Martius, Aprilis, Maius, Junius, Quintilis, Sextilis, September, October, November and December, came from Latin numbers.
In 700 BC, Decemvirs were added before January, and Februarius of 29 days after January, in order to somehow save 60 days. The last regulation made by Julius Caesar in 46 BC brought the system that makes February 29 days every 4 years and 30 and 31 days in other months. The month of Sextilis was later changed to Augustus to honor Augustus Caesar.
The Persian calendar was a 360-day calendar consisting of 12 months of thirty days, with a 13th month added every six years.
The Zoroastrian calendar was a 12-month, 30-day calendar used between 650 and 330 BC.
The Persian calendar was created by Omar Khayyam in the 11th century, with an incredible 365.24219858156 daily pinpoint measurement.
The ancient Athenian calendar consisted of 12 months of 29 – 30 days and had 1 year, 364 days.
The Hellenistic calendar was used in Europe from 312 BC to the 15th century and was determined as a Sunday every 8 days.
The Chinese calendar was used in 770 BC and was determined as 1 year, 10 months of 360 days.
The Hindu calendar was created in the 5th century BC and was determined as 1 year, 365 solar days.
The ancient Roman calendar determined a year as 10 months and 304 days.
The Icelandic calendar was created in the 10th century and is defined as 1 year, 52 weeks and 364 days.
The Yuan Dynasty Chinese calendar was created in the 13th century and measures 1 year, 365.2425 days.
The Mayan calendar calculated a year over two cycles of 260 days.
Hijri calendar, Hz. It starts with the migration of Muhammad and is determined as 1 year, 12 months and 355 days.
Gregorian calendar, St. It starts with the birth of Jesus and is determined as 1 year, 365 days and 6 hours.
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